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Vertisols formed on different parent materials from Turkey (Aslanpinari and Begdes soil series) and Israel (Akko soil series) were studied for their microstructure. The Aslanpinari and Begdes soils showed similar spheroidal microstructural development in the ABss horizons, whereas the spheres of Akko differed by being smaller and lacking granostriation. Micromorphometric analyses of the three soils...
Soils with cool, moist winters and relatively warm, dry summers, a Mediterranean climate, are recognized as having a xeric moisture regime in Soil Taxonomy. These soils are classified mostly in taxa that use the formative element xer in the name. Soil series with either a xeric moisture regime or an aridic regime bordering on a xeric moisture regime make up more than 48,640,000 hectares in the...
Red Mediterranean soils in Lebanon occur at various altitudes. Information on these soils is rather limited. This study characterizes six profiles from locations ranging in elevation between 25 m to 2000 m and relates their properties to pedogenetic processes responsible for their formation. Samples were collected from each horizon and studied using chemical and micromorphological techniques, and...
Theories regarding pedogenesis in Red Mediterranean soils have undergone several stages of development. The concept of clay illuviation in these soils was not a part of early theories and it is not yet unanimously accepted as a leading soil forming process. A methodology is presented for studying the illuviation of clay in these soils emphasizing typology of textural features and fabrics. The problem...
Selected Terrae rossae or Rhodoxeralfs from calcarenites, in all probability of Mid-Pleistocene age, in the vicinity of Rabat show a strong mineral weathering and a considerable to extensive formation of clay minerals especially of kaolinites. Main sources of pedogenic kaolinites, mostly of a disordered structure and poor cristallinity, are primary feldspars (> 2 μm) and smectites (2-0.2 and <...
A time-serial analysis of atmospheric particles collected since 1990 at a coastal site bordering the northeastern Mediterranean Sea shows that the collected samples display seasonal patterns in both concentration and color. The 1990-91 and 1992 collections yield an annualised average of around 0.5 g/day dust loading reducing to around 0.3 g/day when the sea-salt contribution is excluded. The highest...
Mediterranean climates are characterized by winter rains -- with some months of excess rainfall over evatranspiration, warm and dry summer months with moisture deficits -- drying out soils and their annual vegetation (xeric moisture regime). They are found on western parts of all continents, between the cooler temperature zone and the hot dry desert zone. The largest Mediterranean region, surrounding...
Red soils in Greece are distributed throughout the country, but they occur more frequently in the southern provinces and constitute important soil resources supporting several land utilization types. They can be grouped into two categories: the autochthonous and the allochthonous. The former soils are found on hard limestone and on basic igneous rocks in sloping mountainous or hilly landscapes....
Red soils are found along fractures and between bedding surfaces in karstic regions of both Mediterranean and Aegean regions of Turkey. These soils are very unique and information on pedogenesis in karstic regions are rather limited. Detailed field works were carried out at 17 locations, soil profiles were examined at 14 sites, and 7 of these were reported here. Soil samples from the A and B horizons...
A study was conducted of the Mediterranean Red soils of a region in Central Western Spain with a goal of describing the relationship between their main characteristics and the age of the geomorphic surfaces over which they have developed. The main macromorphological characteristics of the soils were analyzed, with a statistical study of the analytical data on 70 samples of Mediterranean Red soils...
Alfisols cover 18% of the surface of the NE edge of the Garraf massif (SE of Barcelona, Catalonia). Most of these are Mediterranean red soils. Some representative pedons, especially over Mesozoic limestones, are discussed in this paper. Climate of the zone is littoral Mediterranean (mean temperature 16°C, precipitation 650 mm). Pedoclimatic regimes are xeric and thermic. Vegetation is Quercetum...
The switch from shifting cultivation to more permanent highland cropping systems in northern Thailand. led to an increase in soil tillage intensity. In order to quantify soil losses by tillage erosion, a tillage experiment was set up and an on-farm survey was conducted. Soil fluxes due to manual tillage on five slopes (32–82%) were measured by monitoring tracers, by measuring tillage step characteristics...
We report the successful application of a quantitative composite fingerprinting technique, incorporating both a rigorous statistical verification procedure for composite signatures and a multivariate mixing model, to evaluate sediment source type in the Dart catchment, Devon, UK and the Plynlimon experimental catchment, Powys, UK. Quantitative ascription of source types is discussed in terms of the...
The susceptibility of seeds of 10 species to be removed by water erosion from an abandoned field and a badland site in SE Spain was determined. Rainfall simulation experiments were conducted over 0.24 m 2 plots for a 22 minute duration, with an intensity of 55 mm · h −1 . A mixture of 24 seeds of each species had been placed in these plots, and the number of seeds lost were measured...
The effect of land use and precipitation on annual runoff and sediment loss was investigated in eight different sites along the northern Mediterranean region and the Atlantic coastline located in Portugal, Spain, France, Italy and Greece. These sites represent a variety of landscapes and are under a number of land-uses representative of the Mediterranean region, such as agricultural land with rainfed...
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